Reference books reviewed associated press stylebook

When you write, you likely find yourself wrestling with questions. I certainly do, everything from the proper form of abbreviations to the placement of apostrophes. Ideally, you want to get past those questions quickly, so you can focus on the message, not the writing.

Among the tools that helps us answer questions quickly and consistently are stylebooks: those manuals that recommend certain styles or usage. They come in a number of flavors and you may wish to have all of them on hand. But, more importantly, select one and use its recommendations consistently.

This week we look at the Associated Press Stylebook, a useful and frequently-cited reference work for writers.

As the title suggests, it comes from the people at the Associated Press (AP) wireservice, and serves journalists and mass-media writers. By way contrast, the Chicago Manual of Style (to cite another important reference book) serves academics and others who write formally, as well as book writers, editors, and publishers.

The AP Stylebook emphasizes usage of commonly cited names, events, and language. For example, under the listing for assassin, it explains the proper use of three similar concepts: 'assassin,' 'killer,' and 'murderer' (in case you were wondering, the AP book defines an assassin as a politically motivated killer, a killer as anyone who kills with any motive, and a murderer as a killer who has been convicted in a court of law).

Since journalists must contend with the pressure of deadlines, this book is laid out like a dictionary, with the entries in alphabetical order. Each entry is brief and deals with issues that journalists would face in everyday writing.

Many entries provide a standard for capitalization, spelling, use of abbreviations, and other useful information. Rules for grammar can be found under headings such as 'Possessives'.

Incidentally, many other news organizations, in the U. S. and other countries, have their own style guides. In Canada, for example, there's the Canadian Press stylebook. So, if you're writing for a particular wire-service or news organization, check to see if they have their own style guide.

The Associated Press Stylebook comes in two flavors: 'The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law,' and 'The Associated Press Stylebook and Libel Law.' The latter is as readily available as the former. Check your bookstore for details.

Affiliate revenue a web design test case

Maybe you have dreamed of personally developing a website for either personal or business use. If this is true of you then you might consider affiliate revenue sharing programs as a means of trying out your web designing skills while offering you the opportunity to offset, fund entirely or even make additional income through an affiliate revenue program.

Web design through web building software can be a relatively easy and inexpensive way to learn web design skills. You could, of course, build a website for personal reasons, but the discipline of developing an ecommerce site can be helpful in practicing Search Engine Optimization (SEO) skills.

This web design test case can be enhanced when you have the potential of a residual income stream essentially paying you for learning the skills of web design.

Web builder technology is a useful tool because it is intuitive for customers who have never personally developed a website and can help guide them through most design difficulties they may encounter.

The ultimate web design is customizable in many ways allowing essential creative freedom in design while maintaining proper flow and balance for the overall site.

When a website is optimized well in relation to accepted SEO techniques the result is high placement in search engines and greater traffic to your site.

Should you work to make an affiliate revenue program your test case for web design you always have the ability to develop additional sites and cross-link those sites to assist in even greater traffic building efforts.

For many entrepreneurs there is a fear about the possibility of developing a site without the aid of the long established web master. However, by accessing an affiliate revenue program you have both reason and opportunity to develop a site on your own.

REASON – It is only by developing the site that you actually have the opportunity to derive a return on your site design investment.

OPPORTUNITY – When you develop a site and your SEO strategies start to bring in more traffic you begin to see the possibilities that may exist in a business of your own.

Many individuals have even developed a series of affiliate revenue sites. These sites have, in some instances, exceeded typical monthly expenses for their families. This didn’t happen overnight and it certainly didn’t occur without a solid SEO strategy, but in many cases an individual can make a living working exclusively with affiliate revenue sharing programs.

Web design using web building software combined with an interest in affiliate revenue programs can be a combination that pays off in increased web design expertise as well as residual payments that have the potential to exceed your current standard of living.

You’ll notice I used the word ‘potential’. Affiliate revenue programs vary widely in success and SEO strategies can take a while to realize maximum results. While affiliate revenue programs can perform beyond expectations they can also be stagnant in results. Research the product you are wanting to sell and ask for some actual figures (not best results) to gain a clear idea of the expectations you should have when signing on as an affiliate.

Business start up loan script your own success story with the right finance method

If you thought generating ideas for your business was a difficult task, then arranging necessary finance in the form of business start up loans would seem even more difficult. Many entrepreneurs succumb at this stage, only to lead their idea to dumps. Entrepreneurs, who withstand the challenges of the process, continue to shine in the world of business.

Capital has been rightly referred to as the lifeblood of any business. Business starved of capital during the initial stages of its formation, would be similar to malnourished children who were not fed properly during their childhood. The growth of the business will be stunted, often affecting negatively its productivity and efficiency.

Entrepreneurs no longer have to depend solely on their own resources for purposes of capital. Many loan providers are ready to finance promising business ventures. The loan is referred to as business start up loan. Amounts on business start up loan ranges from Ј30,000 to Ј250,000. Entrepreneurs can qualify for more loan amount, provided the business plan is very attractive. Loan proceeds will primarily be used for purchasing the necessary machine and equipments, paying for legal documentation, maintaining office and any other expenses that crop up during the initial formative period. Moreover, business start up loan contributes towards the working capital.

Borrowing through business start up loan is fraught with a number of challenges. The very first task in the process will be to generate faith in loan providers that the amount lent on account of business start up loan will be safely returned. Preconceived notions about new entrepreneurs make the task difficult. The negative notions are further strengthened through two factors:

•Firstly, borrowing entrepreneur has zero or very less credibility in the market at the particular point of time. Loan providers fear risking the loan amount on borrowers with low credibility.

•Secondly, the borrowing entrepreneur is still to form business or the business is still to show results. Lending at this stage, without having knowledge about how the business fares in the long run, is perilous for the loan provider.

The borrowing entrepreneur is thrown into a dilemmatic situation wherein they cannot prove their worth till they start business. They cannot start business until they get the necessary finance. And they cannot get the necessary finance till they are able to prove their worth.

However, not all loan providers look at new venturists with suspicion. New venturists are considered a unique group of people who have a unique set of characteristics. A sound and foolproof business plan works well for new entrepreneurs. Bankers study the plan well and then decide if it will be viable to lend.

Guaranteeing payback through collateral is another important method of getting good deals in business start up loans. These are referred to as secured business start up loans. As a part of this method, the borrower will have to offer lien on certain asset/assets to the loan provider. This process is also referred to as hypothecation. Though the asset will continue to be in possession of the borrower, loan provider has every right to claim the asset in case of non-payment of loan.

Loan terms for business start up loan ranges from 5 to 25 years. Given the unique income structure of businesses and self-employed individuals, wherein income is not guaranteed, flexible repayment schedule will be especially helpful. Under a flexible repayment schedule, the borrower gets to repay in the manner that he chooses. Monthly repayments can be increased, reduced and discontinued altogether depending on the entrepreneurs finances. The arrangement will have to be accepted by the loan provider. Sometimes, regular payments for a certain period may be the prerequisite for flexible repayment schedule.

Business start up loans may exceed personal loans in terms of interest rate. The typical APR on a business start up loan will be anywhere between 7-13%. Online comparison and searching loan providers will ease the process, besides improving the quality of deals. Rates may go upwards depending on the presence and value of collateral and the credit status of the borrower.

Business loans will not suit borrowers who want full control over their business. Some loan providers would like to dictate terms and thus curb the control of the entrepreneur over his business. The borrowing decision must be made only after an impartial and impatient study of the pros and cons of the method.

Silk s the thing

Soft, light and beautifully elegant silk has for centuries been a symbol of ultimate luxury and sheer opulence. From Chinese Emperors to European Kings, silk has always been displayed for the admiration of others. Today, very little has changed. When someone mentions a silk dress, suit or even silk bedding an image of luxury and wealth springs to mind. This is because over the centuries even with all the technological advances in fibres and synthetic yarns, silk is still the fabric of choice for the ultimate luxury items.

Silk bedding is no exception to this rule. Being stronger and harder wearing than cotton bedding, silk bedding can far outlast synthetic rivals. Silk is naturally strong, and silk bedding made using long-fibre mulberry silk is extremely strong. This is because the long fibres found in mulberry silk have a cumulative effect on the finished article, giving it both more flexibility and combined durability than shorter fibre silk products. This strength is part of silk bedding’s attractiveness when it comes to durability. When silk is cleaned using a silk detergent, the silk fibres rejuvenate giving the silk elasticity and strength that far outlasts cotton and polyester, making silk bedding both a luxurious and wise long-term investment.

Something quite new on the bedding scene in recent years is a silk filled duvet. These duvets, as one would expect are filled with silk rather than the more traditional fillings of down and polyester. Sleeping under silk brings a whole new experience, one that Chinese Emperors have allegedly enjoyed for generations. Silk, being a natural fibre is healthier than sleeping under synthetic polyester. Dust mites find silk an inhospitable environment to live in which makes silk filled duvets very attractive to anyone who suffers from hay fever and dust mite related allergies.

Silk duvets are unlike other duvets in that they help our bodies to regulate their heat throughout the night. Long fibre mulberry silk duvets are layered by hand placing the silk in an intricate grid pattern. This allows some of the heat we generate throughout the night to escape, and this in return keeps us cool. Because our overall temperature is kept regulated throughout the night, we sleep better. Simple and yet such a clever idea. Why we haven’t we been using these duvets for years is a good question, but they are here now and after using one going back to conventional duvet is simply impossible.

6 tips for your first jab at creative writing

The world of creative writing is an ever expanding one as stories or genres continue to evolve in a natural reaction to the changes in time. Having confirmed writing skills, however, is not enough to succeed in creative writing. Having passion for it is more important than having technical expertise. Love for creative writing, and not adherence to the grammatical elements, is what will ultimately guide you to doing things properly and successfully.

6 Tips for Your First Jab at Creative Writing

Don’t Stop Reading – It’s impossible to become a writer, much less a creative writer, without being a reader first. Discovering your love for writing shouldn’t stop you from further devouring reading materials but should instead encourage you to diversify your taste. If you want to become good in creative writing, you need to broaden your horizons. Don’t limit yourself to reading one genre because this can only provide you with limited knowledge. If you want to improve, read everything that you can get your hands on.

Don’t Stop Learning – You can ask Stephen King, Danielle Steele, Dan Brown, and JK Rowling, and all of them will surely tell you that they’re not perfect writers and will never be. No one can be perfect in any way, and if you allow your writing to stagnate, readers will soon get bored with your work. Of course, before you can continue learning about creative writing, you first have to acknowledge the fact that your writing is definitely imperfect. Get past your ego if you want to be a successful creative writer.

Choosing a Topic – You’ve heard countless people tell you that to be a successful writer, you need to write about you know, and that’s true. But more importantly than that, you have to write about something you love or something you hate, just as long as it’s a topic that arouses passion in your heart and brings your pen aflame! If you find something that interests you but you don’t have adequate knowledge about then research it by all means! Research, research, and research, until you can safely say that you’re writing something you know and love.

Build Your Vocabulary – True enough, Ernest Hemingway earned fame by using poignantly – but sometimes brutally – simple words for narrating events in his stories. But building your vocabulary surely wouldn’t hurt, would it? Broadening your vocabulary and discovering its etymology can be one of the ways for you to develop a story idea or an effective way of setting the tone or mood for a particular chapter. But more important than that, building your vocabulary will reduce the instances when you can’t just quite say the word you want but it’s already in the tip of your tongue.

Don’t Let It Get Away – If an idea suddenly occurs to you, and it seems excellent for a future story, write it down. If you’re walking down the street and you suddenly think of a good dialogue for your characters, write it down. Don’t let anything get away because the human mind is a tricky thing, and it might be impossible for you to recall exactly what occurred to you just three minutes ago. Good story ideas are a dime in a dozen, but great ideas are definitely few, and who knows if what you’ve written down will one day become one of the latter?

And last but not the least, NEVER STOP WRITING. Don't make publication of your work the ends and means for your writing. Write because you love to write!

How to identify social anxiety in teens

Often regarded as the most unrecognized mental disorder in teens, social anxiety disorder can take many forms and manifest itself differently per person. Most parents and adults dismiss symptoms as merely shyness or teen angst that their children will eventually outgrow. However, social phobia, as the disorder is sometimes called, can grow worse if left untreated and be debilitating over time. Recognizing social phobia in teens is crucial for their transition to adulthood and you, as adults and parents, have the responsibility of ensuring that they get help. Here are several ways of recognizing symptoms of social phobia in teens:

1. Look out for extreme shyness or discomfort in your child when put in the center of attention.

First-time performers normally get stage fright but excessive discomfort, passivity, or inactivity when put on the spotlight should merit further investigation. Although most people will attribute this situation to most teenagers' fear of embarrassing themselves in front of their peers, do not be complacent. Talk to your child about why he or she was unable to perform. Just remember to avoid using an accusatory tone to prevent putting your child on the defensive.

2. Observe your child's academic performance.

When your straight-A child starts bringing home B or C-graded homework and exams, you immediately worry that something is wrong. But social phobia is not that obvious. In fact, social phobia leaves little clues like hesitance to recite in class, fear of being asked to report, or even downright refusing to be part of class activities. If possible, talk to your child's teacher about these matters and ask him or her to inform you if your child exhibits these behaviors.

3. Keep track of your child's friends or lack thereof.

You know it; teens will spend hours on the phone, go to parties, or hang out after school. Most teens will be part of a large group or at least have a couple of friends. But teens with social phobia often isolate themselves from other people or minimize contact. They would rather attend class without homework than ask a classmate about it. They often have trouble making eye contact, initiating or joining conversations, and being part of school organizations.

4. Check your child's confidence level.

Most teens suffering from social phobia often doubt if they are good enough for other people or worry excessively about how others see them. Their fear of being ridiculed, boring, or rejected are basic in their minds and they often look for signs of negative perception in others. This negative attitude towards meeting other people are so pervasive in their minds that it can lead to low self-esteem and inferiority complex.

5. Take note of your child's reaction to social situations.

People suffering from social phobia exhibit physical symptoms as well, especially if they are in a social situation like family gatherings or school functions. Signs to look out for include diarrhea, nausea, excessive sweating, heart palpitations, and shortness of breath. If your teen experiences any of these symptoms during or prior to a social event, he or she may be reacting to social phobia.

If your teen exhibit all or any of these symptoms, take him or her to a psychologist for a consultation and thorough examination. Chances are high that your child knows that his or her reactions to social activities are irrational but does not know where to ask for help.

Usability testing with children

Usability testing with children is similar in many respects to usability testing with adults. In order to get the most out of the sessions, and ensure the child is comfortable and happy, there are a few differences that you need to be aware of.

Stress of new people and surroundings

Children are far more likely than adults to find encountering new places and people stressful. You should always remember this, so try to find as many ways as possible to relax the child. Some things you could do are:

- Allow a significant period of time - at least 10 minutes - to meet the child. This is critical in putting them at ease before beginning the session. Some easy things to talk about might be computer games, cartoons, sports or school. Trying to make all the equipment used during the session match that which the child uses at home/school (phone up their parents/teachers beforehand to check).

- Try to be as comforting and reassuring as possible. It's especially important to make it clear to the child that you want their views on the site and that you're not testing them.

- Plan for the fact that younger children may prefer their parents to remain in the testing room with them. Make sure that parents know that they should stay out of the child's line-of-sight and not help or distract them.

Asking for help

Children are far more used to asking for - and receiving - help than adults, so it's very important for the moderator to:

- Clearly explain at the beginning of the test that you want the child to use the site on their own

- Make a sustained effort to deflect any such questioning during the session itself

Good ways of deflecting questions can include:

- Answering a question with a question (e. g. What do you think [you should do now]?)

- Re-stating that you want the child to use the site ‘on their own'

- Asking the child to have ‘one last go' before you move on to something else

Children get tired, bored and discouraged more easily

Children (especially of younger ages) are less inclined - and/or able - to apply themselves to a single task for a prolonged period. Some ways to work around this are:

- Limiting sessions to 1 hour or less.

- Taking short breaks during sessions if the child becomes tired or irritable.

- Ensuring that sessions cover the intended tasks/scenarios in a different order - this will make sure that the same scenarios are not always tested by tired children, who are less likely to succeed/persevere.

- Asking the child for help so as to provide them with motivation (e. g. asking ‘Could you please find out for me how to...', or by actually pretending to not be able find/do something on the site).

- Keeping up a steady stream of encouragement and positive feedback ("You're doing really well and telling us lots of useful things - it will really help make the site better. Keep it up!").

The importance of non-verbal cues

Children can't always be relied upon to verbally articulate their thoughts/feelings, either due to their:

- Not being articulate enough

- Being too shy

- Not wanting to say the wrong thing and displease an adult

- Saying things they don't believe just to please the adult

This makes it particularly important that the usability expert be sensitive to children's non-verbal cues, such as:

- Sighs

- Smiles

- Frowns

- Yawns

- Fidgeting

- Laughing

- Swaying

- Body angle and posture

Physical differences

A couple of very obvious - but easily forgotten - differences which need to be taken into account are:

- Chair and table settings - Make sure you have a chair/table setting that allows the child to comfortably use the equipment during the session.

- Microphone positioning - Children tend to have quieter voices than adults, so microphones should be placed slightly nearer to the participant than normal.

Levels of literacy and understanding

It is critical to ensure that a session's participant has an accurate understanding of the scenario being presented to them. Some ways to do this include:

- Asking participants to re-phrase scenarios/goals in their own words.

- Asking participants to repeat a scenario (i. e. what they are trying to achieve) if the task has gone on for some time and you suspect they may have forgotten it.